Herman Melvilles Bartleby The Scrivener Is Perhaps More Relevant Toda

Herman Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener is maybe more significant today than when he composed it in 1853. Bartleby is the record of a skilled youthful scrivener who has incredible ability and potential in his vocation of copying and forming reports. The story takes us to the upscale Wall Street region of New York City, among the structures and law workplaces of the city. The youthful Bartleby is tossed into the ordinary office drudgery related with the sort of business he was looking for. The topic of the story addresses why we do, what we do, when we go to work. Additionally the subject of for what reason do we feel certain things are simply expected of oneself when we decide to enter work. When Bartleby accepted the position of a scrivener it was comprehended that notwithstanding recording archives, one additionally is answerable for the altering and editing of their own and others' work. Be that as it may, Bartleby had various desires for himself and his work. Bartleby's conduct addresses all that is believed to be general conduct while at work. Bartleby buckled down, never taking breaks or in any event, returning home. These parts of Bartleby were seen as impossible to miss by his boss and colleagues, yet were not unwanted qualities. Bartleby additionally minded his own business more often than not, and didn't engage with workplace issues or undertakings. In the same way as other new representatives, Bartleby had a little common office close to the chief with the goal that he could be checked. A correlation with life by the present office workers caught in little desk areas could be made. The sentiment of protection isn't there, and one could nearly feel overpowered with just with their work and a little work area. These conditions may have weighed intensely on Bartleby, making him not feel truly friendly with the others in the workplace. The life of drudgery as a scrivener became exhausted on Bartleby. The odd conduct communicated by Bartleby proceeded until one day in a demonstration of disobedience he said the words; ?I would lean toward not to.? He was alluding to the solicitation by his manager the alter his duplicate. The chief, stunned by this resistant conduct and obligingly asked once more, and drew a similar reaction from Bartleby; ?I would incline toward not to.? His supervisor expected this was an impermanent issue with Bartleby and accepted that it would spend in a day or somewhere in the vicinity. His collaborators saw his activity as odd, and even recommended as ?crazy? by one laborer. His expression currently devoured each discussion he had with those in the workplace. His standard reaction to a solicitation by somebody in his office was; ? I would incline toward not to.? These expressions of resistance in the end prompted Bartleby's excusal from his activity, and when requested to leave he declined to. This in the long run prompted his manager being compelled to desert his office in that building and move to another. His manager felt this would end the entirety of his issues with Bartleby and he could go on with his life and business. Be that as it may, Bartleby couldn't leave his brain. He was baffled by the whole circumstance. The expression, ? I would incline toward not to.?, isn't acknowledged in the working environment of at that point or today. It is gotten that while we are grinding away certain things are anticipated from you, paying little heed to what you would prefer to do. When Bartleby expressed those words he conflicted with all that is accepted by being utilized. Bartleby deliberately picked his words while being disobedient. On the off chance that he would have basically said no, it would be seen as plain obliviousness. Nonetheless, the expression; ?I would incline toward not to.? suggests that he had placed idea into his reaction and has motivation to be resistant. In the present universe of displeased representatives taking automatic weapons to work to take care of issues, it is fascinating to check whether talking the expressions of Bartleby the Scrivener would be similarly as successful.

The Success of the Management of Fork and Dagger Pub Essay - 33

The Success of the Management of Fork and Dagger Pub - Essay Example The way that the business has existed for various years makes the remodels as proposed by Jason unavoidable. Essentially, narrowing the business’ target showcase as proposed by Bradley would upgrade its tasks in this manner improving the benefit of the organization. Mr. Lynch must, in this manner, think about solidifying the two methodologies with the perspective on improving the life span of the business and controlling the contrasts between his children. Remodeling the bar will put it in the cutting edge society. The remodel will look to fulfill the requests of the advanced client. In revamping and growing the bar, the administration must consider the requests of the current client along these lines shielding such highlights as advantageous and agreeable. As expressed before, remodeling the bar is inescapable. This suggests Mr. Lynch and his two children must decide the most suitable methods of revamping the bar consequently situating the business procedure in the cutting edge society. While doing this, the administration must limited the pub’s target showcase a component that will upgrade the administration. In doing this, Mr. Lynch must think about the significance of assorted variety in upgrading the benefit and life span of business in the contemporary market. In extending and remodeling the bar, Mr. Lynch can, along these lines, build up an area of the bar and license Bradley to tweak it deliberately for its LGBT target showcase. Jason should then deal with the other area that objectives the general buyer. Along these lines, the business enhances its administrations while protecting the harmony and solidarity of the two kin. Such is a suitable methodology that will fill in as a powerful advertising exploration and examination device that will give the two children the most proper patterns in the market in this manner empowering the two to change the structure of their business dependent on the reaction of the market.

Countdown To Mail Drop

Countdown To Mail Drop Today is mail day. Ill save my emotional post on this topic for a later entry and instead use this one to give you progress reports over the course of the day. Ill update this entry whenever theres something to share. 9:15AM The good news: we worked late last night and made a big dent in the pre-mailing tasks. The letters have been printed (I held the stack of admit letters in my hands; it was sublime). I was on the team that assembled the admit packs (what you guys affectionately refer to as the big envelopes although thats not entirely accurate this year). The folks downstairs in the records room were simultaneously working on the deferred and denied letters. Today we will finish the admit packs and then call the post office for pickup. So to summarize, were on schedule to mail today. The bad news: I woke up to a blizzard this morning. This is what Killian Court looked like 10 minutes ago: Ive heard conflicting weather reports some say 4 inches; others say up to a foot. Start praying for the 4 inches. :-) - 9:45AM It has temporarily stopped snowing. Woot. - 11:30AM Soon after my last update it began to snow again. :/ The good news is that production is going well and we will almost positively mail today. I just hope the weather doesnt slow the post office down. - 12:45PM Everything is ready and we are just waiting for the postal service to come. It has stopped snowing. - 3:00PM Its been snowing like CRAZY for over an hour. Wind, thunder, and lightning. I havent seen a storm like this is ages its like the universe knows that something is up. Oh wait, something is: the letters are in the mail. Im not sure of the exact number of admits, but it is very close to last year (383). We had 3098 applications for EA. Our admit rate therefore fell from 14% to just over 12%. As the post office carried the envelopes out the door, we popped a bottle of champagne. Led my Marilee, we toasted all of you. Whether admitted, deferred, or denied, we celebrated you. Heres a pic: Have a great weekend everyone. Congrats to the admits, and to the other 88% have faith that you will find a wonderful place and be happy whether here or somewhere else. Things just seem to have a way of working out. Ben

Comparison Presentation Assignment 5 - 959 Words

Comparison Presentation Assignment: 5 | Health Economics, HSA 510, Dr. Lewis Mustard | Kristie Parker, December 19, 2012 | 1. Select three to four main aspects that you discovered in your research to highlight. The first thing that I would like to highlight in my research of Canadian universal healthcare vs. US healthcare is that Canadian health care is federally funded and covers mostly all of the medical services used by the residents. The US has healthcare for the people but is covered at the citizens’ expense via an insurance company. The citizens are responsible for maintaining the premiums set by the insurance companies via the employer of the citizens or privately attained. However, this could explain why nearly 50†¦show more content†¦Public Administration: All administration of the health insurance must be carried out by a public authority on a nonprofit basis. B. Comprehensiveness: All necessary health services including hospitals, physicians, surgical dentists, must be insured. C. Universality: All insured residents are entitled to the same level of health care. D. Portability: Even if the residents move to a different province or territory, they are still entitled to coverage from their home province during a minimum waiting period. E. Accessibility: All insured persons have reasonable access to health care facilities. **Retrieved from http://www.canadian-healthcare.org/. 2. Synthesize your findings. To synthesize my findings would be to look at the current â€Å"Obamacare† that has been adopted into our government to help with the 50 million plus Americans that are without health insurance now. The Health Care Act shows that â€Å"Obamacare† is individually mandated, penalty for not buying insurance is $695 minimum, and the employer is mandated for companies with over fifty employees. A $750 per employee for companies over 50 employees for penalties of employers not providing insurance; subsized insurance for anyone earning up to 400% of poverty level; children can stay on parents’ plan until age 26; and these benefits are both annual and lifetime basis, retroactive rescinding of coverage is forbidden; pre-existing conditions that insurers are requiredShow MoreRelatedSpan 110 Complete Course Span110 Complete Course695 Words   |  3 Pagescom/q/span-110-complete-course-span110-complete-course/13563 http://workbank247.com/q/span-110-complete-course-span110-complete-course/13563 SPAN 110 WEEK 2 TEAM ASSIGNMENT CULTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE ARTS PAPER Select  two countries where Spanish is the predominant language to serve as the basis for the Learning Team assignments in this course. Obtain faculty approval for your selections. Research  the cultural customs, such as dance, music, theater, and the visual arts for each of yourRead MorePHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material1177 Words   |  5 PagesPHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material Click on the Link Below to Purchase A+ Work for PHL458 http://hwminute.com/downloads/phl-458-whole-wks-1-5-dqs-assignments-amaterial/ Week 1 Individual Critical Thinking and Society Exercise Write 150- to 200 words on each of the following topics: †¢ Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think criticallyRead MoreHcs 533 Study Education on Your Terms/Hcs533Study.Com Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesHCS 533 Week 1 Individual Assignment Definition Worksheet (2 Answer) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hcs533study.com This Tutorial contains 2 Answers for each Question HCS 533 Week 1 Definition Worksheet Definition of Terms The health care environment is constantly changing, new systems arise every day with terminology of their own to reflect the changes. As a health care professional, it is important for you to stay up-to-date with the terminology and its proper use. Define each termRead MoreCase Study Assignment1060 Words   |  5 PagesRoom: NAC 506 Section: 1 Instructor Information Instructor: Kanchan Das, Ph. D. Campus Address: NAC 644 Phone: Campus : Extension 1771, Cell phone #01753335095 E-mail: kkumardas@gmail.com Office hours: Mondays and Wednesdays: 4:00 to 5:00 PM or by appointment. Course Descriptions: The course covers business process concepts of Supply Chain Management including its strategic importance in improving effectiveness of the organization in facing competitive global market. It willRead MoreHum 111 Confucius and Aristotle Paper814 Words   |  4 Pagescomparative essay. Comparison approached properly will require some critical thinking on your part. Use a point-by-point approach for the essay. That means, if comparing subject A with subject B, dont do the first half of the essay on subject A and then the second half on subject B--that will seem like two (2) separate essays and comparisons will tend to get lost. Instead, you should be mentioning both subjects in most of your paragraphs as you compare them throughout the essay. Comparisons will identifyRead MoreBackground And Motivation Of Vehicle Suspension900 Words   |  4 Pagessolution for the trade-offs between the design requirements by altering characteristics of suspension elements . The foresight of future is always desired. In real world, this implies that knowing what is approaching supports scheduling and efficient assignment of resources. In the view of automotive engineering, for the vehicle knowing the road condition can significantly improve its dynamic performance. While feedback control of vehicle suspension has been extensively researched, feed-forward or previewRead MoreRingworm1178 Words   |  5 Pagesdata 5. Apply common bivariate statistical methods for inference 6. Interpret results of statistical analyses found in public health studies 7. Understand and perform sample size estimation for quantitative and qualitative data Teaching/Learning Methods: The material in this course is presented in the form of weekly lectures. Each lecture consists of: Powerpoint presentation Example problems with detailed solutions Practice problems for the student to master Reading assignment forRead MoreStrategic Intervention Material1418 Words   |  6 Pagesperson reusing the material. For this goal, classical rhetoric detected four fundamental operations that can be used to transform a sentence or a larger portion of a text: expansion, abridgement, switching, and transferring. * Metaphor An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. * Metonymy A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describingRead MoreImplementation Plan For Nurses With Quality Control Manager964 Words   |  4 PagesImplementation Plan The education department in conjunction, with Quality Control Manager, and the charge nurses will play a major role in reassessing nurses’ assignment concerning patient-nurse ratio. The proposal will enable RN in the Medical-Surgical department to have 1:5 patient ratios. ICU nurses must continue with the 1:2 ratio. Another major area that will benefit from this change is patient safety in regards to medication administration, charting, patient teaching, discharges and infectionRead MoreUnit 10: Financial Accounting and Financial Reporting1455 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Assignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business Unit 10: Financial Accounting and Financial Reporting Student name Assessor name Date issued Completion date Submitted on 28/03/15 09/05/15 Assignment title Presentation of financial information and Interpretation of Financial Statements (2 of 2) Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment Criteria In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are

Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker - 1826 Words

A person’s culture is something that shapes and tells others who you are. For example, in Alice Walker’s short story â€Å"Everyday Use† you are introduced to Mrs. Johnson and two other characters that are loose portrayals of Walker in her younger and older periods of life (Obaid). The first one being Maggie who is depicted as her younger more walled self and the other being Dee an older version of Walker who lightly symbolizes Walkers later beliefs through some of the actions she takes in the story (Obaid). As the story begins Mrs. Johnson and Maggie are waiting for Dee to return home and while the two of them are waiting for Dee. Walker takes you through the thoughts of Mrs. Johnson about her two daughters and how she views them as well as†¦show more content†¦The interactions that happen between Mrs. Johnson and Dee display two different positions of personal culture. Mrs. Johnson’s actions and narration throughout the story allows us to infer about the characteristics of her personal culture. A characteristic that makes up Mrs. Johnsons’ culture is her indifferent views on the conventional standards of beauty and gender role. Mrs. Johnson describes herself in the story as â€Å"a large, big-boned woman with rough man-working hands† (Walker 55). She then goes on to say that the way she looks will never be shown on television. Though what shows on the television is her, â€Å"the way her daughter wants her to be† and not who she really is (Walker 55). The descriptions that she gives of herself tells us that she recognizes that she does not fit into the societal statutes of beautiful, but in the end, she does not actually worry about it because â€Å"to raise and provide for her daughters Mrs. Johnson took on an alternative, masculine persona† (SparkNotes Editors). Mrs. Johnson portrays her indifference to these roles when she begins to brag about herself on all the things she can do because she does not fit her daughters or society’s sense of beauty and gender. Some of those things include being able to stay warm in â€Å"zero weather† and being able to â€Å"kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (Walker 55). Not only does she brag about how she is able to do certain things because ofShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use by Alice Walker an Analysis1049 Words   |  5 PagesTamica Powell September 30, 2011 Everyday Use Analysis Everyday Use is a compelling story of a mothers conflicting relationships with her two daughters. Maggie, which the mother feels contains more practical and traditional ways of living life and then Dee her oldest and most promising daughter, who she feels has broken away from tradition and has lost a lot of their heritage. At first glance you would see this as the normal mother daughter spat of maybe the wild child versus the littleRead MoreAnalysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker951 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of three messages from Everyday Use Do you know where your mother got her wedding ring? Most people get their rings from their parents and pass it down to their first child usually. This is probably the most commonly past heirloom, but some families have other heirlooms. Heirlooms are something that is passed down from generations to generation. It will usually be very old and valuable, from it traveling around the world to the Americas or from a great great grandparent. Alice WalkerRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker1083 Words   |  5 PagesUse (Literary analysis on Everyday Use by Alice Walker) Everyday many people use the same things such as phones, cars, sinks, washer, refrigerators, and etc. In 100 years would you can future ancestors still have those things but only use them as decoration or use them still no matter how old they are because that is what they are made for? Everyday Use by Alice walker is a story of an African American family that had two daughter that live a very different reality. Maggie being scarred from aRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker Analysis978 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Everyday Use by Alice Walker One of the most monumental short stories of the twentieth century is Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use.† By carefully considering the use of point of view, a better understanding of the story’s meaning will be obtained. It will be possible to appreciate how diverse language patterns and cultural differences may impact the understanding of characters and conflict situations. Everyday Use is a unique story as it places the voice of an African American woman atRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker Analysis971 Words   |  4 PagesThrew different Eyes The story Everyday use would seem very different if told from someone else but not Mama. Think of having a friend/girlfriend that is very smart and sophisticated. Then going to visit her family with her. Also getting there and her family nothing like her. They do not think the same act the same and/or look the same. Then they are arguing over something that seems pointless and useless. Everything they eating looks nasty and/or taste nasty. Alternatively, being the younger siblingRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Everyday Use `` By Alice Walker1315 Words   |  6 Pagescultures to which one is then to perceive the culture a specific way. Culture is the multitude of many factors in which it consistently informs one s perception of the world surrounding them as well as the individuals. For instance, in Alice Walker s Everyday Use, two sisters, Maggie and Dee, lived together with their mother. In the story, the mother sends Dee away ,to send her Augusta to school. Afterwards, the mother explained that ,she used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies,Read MoreAnalysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Better Sister The short story of â€Å"Everyday Use† was written by Alice Walker. Mrs. Johnson is the narrator of the story. In this petite narrative, Mrs. Johnson and her youngest daughter Maggie get a visit from her oldest daughter Dee who graduates from college and Mrs. Johnson and Maggie both bear witness to Dee’s change. As Dee is trying to embrace the modern culture in the twentieth century. Thus, in Alice Walker’s story, Mrs. Johnson’s perspective changes at the end, at first favoring DeeRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Everyday Use† Historical Criticisms explored the disconnection that people can sometimes have depending on their education. Alice Walker successfully shows the disconnection by comparing two ends of the spectrum of generation. Taking the historical context, it plays a major role in the way this short story is viewed. It was a time where people of color had a different and difficult experience ge tting an education. When the narrator was talking about having an education it was important because sheRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use2414 Words   |  10 PagesTulsi Rizal Prof. Mary Huffer Eng122 24 April 2016 Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker, most revered African American writer of the present time was born on 9th February 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She started her career as a social worker/activist, followed by teaching and and being a writer. She has won many awards for her fantastic social and literary works. Everyday use† was published in 1973, when African Americans were struggling to revive their original African cultureRead MoreAnalysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use935 Words   |  4 Pageswhen the writer states what the characteristics of the character are. Meanwhile, indirect characterization is when the writer shows the characters characterization through their actions. Although, not everyone has the same perspective. â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker is a short story that reveals how different perspectives can be misleading. Portrayed as a realistic fiction, many readers can relate to this short story due its difference between perspectives. A story in which two sisters and a moth er

Parental Involvement Among Different Cultures ...

Parental Involvement among Different Cultures: Implications and Strategies for Families and Educators in the United States Sarah Cain St. Petersburg College Abstract It may come to no surprise to many families and educators in the United States that families actively participating in their children’s academic life (school, homework, extracurricular activities) is a key component in unlocking their children(s)’ success in school. The struggle that educators face is the lack of understanding or lack of knowledge about how families in other cultures view parental involvement. It is important for educators to understand that not all families will have the same viewpoints on parental involvement, and educators themselves may have different opinions about parental involvement that are not unanimously shared among colleagues. This research paper aims to provide an in depth review of how parental involvement is viewed in different cultures present in the United States. This paper will provide discussion regarding how differing culture views affect education in the classroom. Furthermore, this paper should provide educators with strategies o n how to recognize, accept, and encourage family participation in all cultures present in the United States. This paper will focus on cultural views from European American Families, Hispanic/Latino Americans, and cultural views based on family dynamics (single parents, income-classes, same-sex parents). Keywords: Family Involvement, FamilyShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing Parental Involvement, Motivation And Anxiety On Educational Success Of Adolescents2518 Words   |  11 PagesInfluence of three factors - parental involvement, motivation and anxiety on educational success of adolescents Introduction Adolescents have different levels of educational achievements and socio-emotional nature. Educational researchers have proposed different theories to explain factors responsible for educational outcomes and socio-emotional nature of adolescents. In this essay, influence of three factors - parental involvement, motivation and anxiety on education outcomes of adolescents willRead MoreThe Early Childhood Education Of Literacy And Numeracy3635 Words   |  15 Pagesone s family environment. Bronfenbrenner s (1979) ecological systems theory is the foundation of ecological and sociocultural guideline of literacy and numeracy education in early childhood settings. The theory are essentially a set of interconnected and yet isomorphic layers of systems that affect the development of the children from a social aspect, e.g. the microsystem describes the interaction between the carer and the child, mesosystem describes the interactions between the family and theRead MoreHomeschooling : Harmful Or Helpful?3610 Words   |  15 Pagesare responsible in deciding where their children will be educated and this decision includes some enticing options. The topic of homeschooling has indisputably been up for debate in many eras, cultures, and locations. Ari Neuman and Oz Guterman (2016) state that the question relics, which educational strategy is more effective, which is better? Since every child benefits from being educated, the way in which their education is delivered is under subs tantial examination since every individual has theirRead MoreWhy The Option Of Homeschooling Surfaced3606 Words   |  15 Pagesare responsible in deciding where their children will be educated and this decision includes some enticing options. The topic of homeschooling has indisputably been up for debate in many eras, cultures, and locations. Ari Neuman and Oz Guterman (2016) state that the question relics, which educational strategy is more effective, which is better? Since every child benefits from being educated, the way in which their education is delivered is under substantial examination since every individual has theirRead MoreTruancy in Our Schools: A Growing Problem2344 Words   |  10 PagesThe success of our schools performing its primary functions of teaching, educating, and socializing the young is predicted on regular school attendance. Truancy is rated among the major problems facing schools today (Garry, 1996). Schools in some larger cities have reported absenteei sm rates as high as 50 percent per day (Allen-Meares, 2004). The issue of truancy compromises schools primary function and places our young people at risk. According to the Bilchik, truant students have the potentialRead MoreRisky Behavior : Risky Behaviors1639 Words   |  7 Pages Risky Behaviors When asked the question regarding risky behaviors in African-American student peer groups, the Academic Dean had this to say: These teens or young adults have a different temperament that’s responded to their good life with risky living. So, we must introduce equations into their lives. This means, we talk over big decisions ahead of them (or behind them) and define how one choice leads to a specific benefit, but another choice leads to a negative consequence. Then, we must makeRead MoreThe Relationship Between Socio-Economic Status and Academic Achievement 2604 Words   |  11 Pagesliterature review is to examine the relation between students’ socioeconomic status and their academic achievement. To be more specific, the goals are to determine (a) what defines low income; (b) review identified student characteristics (e.g. parental involvement, ethnicity, and school location) that have an effect on student achievement; and (c) what current research is saying about the best practices are for addressing the needs of low income students within the school setting. This literature reviewRead More Contextual Factors8375 Words   |  34 Pagesunexpressed needs for communication, and concern about being uncared by the busy health professionals, which affect their care for the child’s health outcomes. Conclusion. The ï ¬ ndings facilitate the development of family-centred care focuses on partnership of care between the nurse and family to enhance the Chinese family’s active and participatory role. 1 Keywords: XXXX  © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 J A N Journal Name 1 2 0 4 2 Manuscript No. B Dispatch: 22.10.12Read MoreThe Conceptual Framework For A Research Based Diet And Physical Activity Interventions5466 Words   |  22 Pagesprevention programs, but their motivation to engage in such activities does not stem primarily from their desire to improve the health of their children and families. According to the CDC (2012), it has been identified an overarching desire among parents to feel better about themselves as parents that could in turn lead to pursuing improvements in their family?s nutrition and physical activity behaviors. According to Pocok (2010) parents want to lead by example, navigate their busy lives more efficiently,Read MoreSummary Of Funds Of Knowledge And Teaching Other Peoples Children3644 Words   |  15 Pagesresearchers point out that in the past government policy for inequality was focused on how to make schools serve industry more efficiently. Connell, et al. (1986, p. 26) describe the difference in classes as stemming from people from different social strata having different attitudes, values, child-rearing methods, personality problems and so on. People from lower socio economic backgrounds do not achieve as highly because the homes they come from are unable to support them (Connell, et al., 1986)

Global Information Systems Strategy Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about the Global Information Systems Strategy for Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction: Hybrid cloud computing is the mix-up of the private and public computing. Hybrid cloud computing can be used for both public and the private services. It is the environment in which a mix on premises can be used for the private and public cloud services. In this type of computing, the workload can be moved between the private and public clouds according to the cloud computing needs. It provides a high flexibility to the business and some or the options for the storage of the data. The company can migrate its data to the public computing also (Chen and Zhao 2012). Implementation Strategy: There are three Implementation strategies of the hybrid cloud computing A less sensitive data and can be hosted by using some public resources or any browser such as Google and Mozilla. This digital business enterprise can migrate its data to hybrid cloud computing by using on-premises private and public computing. On-premises private cloud can be created to store the secret and sensitive data. If there is need of confidential storage of data, a private cloud can be developed for critical data storage (Garrison et al 2012). This type of cloud computing is costly. To create a hybrid cloud is difficult to develop and similar to create a data center. It is necessary to note that all the sites and the clouds should be connected to each other. All the sites of this organization can be connected using IPsec virtual private network or through a direct connect line. On the basis of the requirement of the bandwidth and security, decision criteria can be chosen. In this organization, high bandwidth is required, then 1to 10 Gbps direct connect line can be used to provide the high throughput so that traffic cannot occur over the network or internet. Hybrid cloud computing can be hosted using Amazon Simple Storage service. In Amazon web service, private cloud connection to the public clouds can be established by using eucalyptus software layer So, to store the transaction details, a high space for data storage is necessary. Authentication is the main issue to develop the hybrid cloud model. In this organization, four different services are running off-premises in the cloud. So the authentications against directory services may cause of authenticating the traffic. So the authenticate traffic can saturate the virtual network private network. There is a need to extend the directory to the clouds by creating a new authentication site. In this multiple business organization, one virtual data center can be attached to higher performance storage (Garrison et al 2012). The other data center will be attached to the economical standard tier of storage. By using this policy, multiple businesses can direct the application to the best locatio n. Benefits: If this company is going to implement the hybrid cloud then it is very beneficial for the company in the terms of security. It is more secure than public clouds. In-house storage for the secret data can be maintained by using hybrid clouds. The size of the hybrid clouds is more spacious than public clouds. So, there is no problem of limited storage space. The data in bulk can be stored in hybrid clouds because there is a great space in hybrid clouds to store the data. Hybrid Clouds reduces the cost for the data storage (Hwang et al 2016). It is very beneficial for the company, because the cost of data storage is low than other. It reduces the complexity to maintain the hardware. The permanent data can be stored in the private cloud of hybrid cloud. The less sensitive data can be stored in the public cloud of hybrid cloud. It reduces the requirement of man power. The data can be easily migrated to the hybrid cloud. There is no need to maintain the hardware for the storage of the data (Li et al 2013). It reduces the cost of storage and the manpower. The data backup can be created easily by using the hybrid clouds. As, this is the multi-business company so for the various purpose; hybrid clouds can be used (Zheng et al 2014). There are both options available together as a public cloud and private cloud. The data can be stored according to the storage need of the data (Paul et al 2013). The hybrid clouds are also useful for the increment of the internal assets of the company. It also improves the external services provided by that company (Kovachev et al 2014). Hybrid cloud is useful to main the isolation of the company. It is also useful for the recovery of the information at the time of lost of information. If any case of disaster occurs, the information can recover by using the hybrid cloud at the time of any disaster. The data can be tracked easily by using the hybrid cloud computing. Risk: There are risks of hybrid cloud computing given below: A very sensitive data cannot be stored in the hybrid cloud. It is the limitation of hybrid cloud. It is very complex to develop the hybrid cloud. If there is some legal software is using in the company then this software cant be use over the cloud (Moreno-Vozmediano et al 2013). There will be high latency and data traffic while cloud applications are running over the internet. If various technology relies on is proprietary, then a cloud cannot be deployed legally. There may be a problem of the high latency when the cloud application is using over the internet. Some transparency can be lost and control while debugging performance issues Implementation Strategy: The services that will use in this type of cloud migration are given below: IaaS Infrastructure as a Service (AWS, Azure, Google Compute Engine). SaaS Software as a Service (examples: Google Apps, Salesforce). Figure 2 Heres where youll have to make an important choice. To host their applications in the third-party data center and to outsource the care of physical infrastructure, it is necessary to concentrate on development and the monitor of the applications. IaaS must select for this kind of applications. It is very helpful for the appropriate storage of data and for the virtualization (Sitaram et al 2015). SaaS is a delivery model through which centrally hosted productivity software is licensed on a subscription basis. SasS is helpful to maintain the CRM, security of the data and for the management of the business. Hybrid cloud can work by using a hypothetical scenario. Lets imagine that this web app is quickly gaining popularity and users. In order to keep up with the growing demand, there is need to maintain the resource to scale up dynamically. It is beneficial to deploy maximum resources serving requests during the high demand and at the time of demand drops, it is simple to drop unneeded resources to save costs by using the hybrid cloud with the IaaS and SaaS services. Workforce Capability and Capacity Assessment: Hybrid computing is the best solution for the highly dynamic data. This is the multi-business company and this company also provides the tourism and healthcare facility. Hybrid cloud computing can also be used to host the data and to manage the data backup. Hybrid clouds can be computed using at least one private and public cloud (Srinivasan et al 2015). The development of the hybrid cloud is not simple. There may be problem of the integration. There may be the problem at the time of data migration. But with the help of Amazon web services, Red Hat and VMware hybrid clouds can be developed (Zisssis et al 2012). Migration of the data to the hybrid cloud is the good strategy to make the data secure and to reduce the cost including the workforce and data storage. This organization is providing the booking, healthcare and the tourism facilities, it a multi-business firm, so the use of hybrid cloud is the best solution to reduce the data storage complexity. Conclusion: Hybrid cloud is the best for the data storage. It is complicated to manage the hybrid cloud but it saves the times to track the data. The main point of discussion in this report is the data migration of the company to the hybrid cloud. So, the hybrid cloud is the main point of the discussion that is above discussed. There is no requirement of the staff to maintain the data. In short, to implement the hybrid cloud is beneficial for the organization. References: Chen, D. and Zhao, H., 2012, March. Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Garrison, G., Kim, S. and Wakefield, R.L., 2012. Success factors for deploying cloud computing.Communications of the ACM,55(9), pp.62-68. Garrison, G., Kim, S. and Wakefield, R.L., 2012. Success factors for deploying cloud computing.Communications of the ACM,55(9), pp.62-68. Hwang, K., Bai, X., Shi, Y., Li, M., Chen, W.G. and Wu, Y., 2016. Cloud Performance Modeling with Benchmark Evaluation of Elastic Scaling Strategies.Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on,27(1), pp.130-143. Kovachev, D., Cao, Y. and Klamma, R., 2014. Building mobile multimedia services: a hybrid cloud computing approach.Multimedia tools and applications,70(2), pp.977-1005. Li, Q., Wang, Z.Y., Li, W.H., Li, J., Wang, C. and Du, R.Y., 2013. Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.237-271. Moreno-Vozmediano, R., Montero, R.S. and Llorente, I.M., 2013. Key challenges in cloud computing: Enabling the future internet of services.Internet Computing, IEEE,17(4), pp.18-25. Paul, K., Govindarajan, S. and Chatterjee, D., 2013. Cloud Computing: emphasizing hybrid cloud computing on Android Computing Platform-an overview.International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering,1(1), p.21. Sitaram, D., Harwalkar, S., Ashwin, N. and Ajmal, S.K., 2015, December. Secure Orchestration Based Federation in Hybrid Cloud Environments. In2015 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)(pp. 13-19). IEEE. Srinivasan, A., Quadir, M.A. and Vijayakumar, V., 2015. Era of Cloud Computing: A New Insight to Hybrid Cloud.Procedia Computer Science,50, pp.42-51. Zheng, X., Xiong, F. and Dai, Y., 2014, October. The technical exploration of implementing hybrid TV with cloud computing in radio and TV industry. InComputing, Communications and IT Applications Conference (ComComAp), 2014 IEEE(pp. 229-233). IEEE. Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), pp.583-592.

The Effect of Drug X on Self

Introduction Anxiety forms part of an individual’s body mechanisms in which it communicates that something or an act is wrong and hence, there is need to undertake corrective measures (Aleksovski, 2009). This sign has been categorised as one of the essential human survival tactics as it ensures individual wellbeing. An anxious individual can describe the act as jittery, nervous, jumpy, confusion, and nervous, among other feelings.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effect of Drug X on Self-Reports of Anxiety in a Sample of Undergraduate Psychology Majors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, stress is a behavioral mechanism that occurs to the human body as a result of the change in either internal or external environment of the individual (Aleksovski, 2009). A student who is preparing for examination can be subjected to stress. Drugs have been developed with the aim of suppressing an indi vidual’s level of stress thus reducing anxiety levels among patients or students (Putwain, 2005). The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of a new drug on perceptions of anxiety in order to reduce feelings of stress and anxiety in college students during scheduled exams. There are a number of past studies that have been carried out by psychologists in a view to study stress, anxiety, their relations, major causes, and how they can be prevented. In a study carried by Dr. Susannah Murphy, a neuroscientist in the University of Oxford found out that there is a closer relationship between antidepressants and anxiety (Nauert, 2010). The study also revealed that the use of antidepressants had an immediate effect on the neurotransmitters in the brain. However, it was concluded that some drugs responded faster than others in the reduction of anxiety among human beings. Studies that have been carried on animals (mice) which have artificially been induced to stress an d then given the antidepressants drugs have shown that the drugs reduce stress (Ito, Nagai, Oikawa, Yamada Hanawa, 2011). Students waiting for exams are induced to artificial stress and as a result, they are prone to anxiety. This conclusion can be made based on past studies in order to support the current research paper. The emotional wellbeing of students plays a great role in ensuring that students do well in their school tests and examinations. On the other hand, stress is believed to cause perceived anxiety among school children which is an emotional feeling (Putwain, 2005). Research studies have been carried to determine the drugs that are often used suppress stress as a step towards the reduction of stress anxiety on students.Advertising Looking for proposal on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to note that prolonged stress can cause clinical depressions among students (National Institute of M ental Health n. d.). This results from pressure to pass exams and from parents and teachers who also expect better grades from their children and students, respectively. Students can go for a very long time without ever knowing that they are stressed out. The research study hypothesis is that that experimental drug X will produce an increase in the perceived anxiety on students. The dependant variable which is the experiment research outcome is the behavioral effect that the experimental drug produces when injected on the students. On the other hand, the independent variable of the hypothesis is the experimental drug X which is injected to the subjects under the study. The research study aims at proving that indeed the new drug X can be used to suppress educational stress thus leading to anxiety reduction. The unique aspect of the study is that it projects the application of the use of antidepressants on students rather than health adults. Previous studies have dealt largely on fami ly people, patients, and workers. In contrast, this study specializes on undergraduate students of the ages between 21 and 25 years old. Another aspect worth of consideration is that it derives its foundation on the studies that have already been carried out, making the expected outcomes more reliable and dependable. The previous studies have been based on placebo and specific drug tests; however, this particular study applies the specific drug while the control group is not subjected to any form of drugs. Lastly, past researches have been carried in laboratories or hospitals but this one is carried on a classroom setting. The study offers an educational and psychological breakthrough in establishing the relationship that exists between examinations and perceived anxiety among students. It would be possible to use the results in future consultation for the purpose of averting stress among students. Method Participants The proposed research study intends to use human participants fro m the undergraduate psychology class population. A sample of 30 students would be enough for the study. The students will have special characteristics as they are supposed to be of between 21 and 25 years old. The students will be from the same year of study and the issue of race and color will be considered.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effect of Drug X on Self-Reports of Anxiety in a Sample of Undergraduate Psychology Majors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This would ensure that data from different demographical backgrounds and statuses is collected. They also need to have been studying very hard towards their examination. Out of the 30 students 15 will be male and 15 will be female. The students will voluntarily participate in the study and to get their attention, a notice will be placed in the psychology class notice board and the school website. It will also be passed on through Facebook and Twit ter as they are easy means of communication and interaction. The message will entail the expected benefits of the drug X one used. It is believed to reduce anxiety and stress among students. The drug X has been found fit by the national bureau of food stuffs and drugs. Supposing the participants respond rate is more than 100% or over 30, for example 60, then systematic sampling will be used. Their names will be arranged alphabetically before subjecting them to selection. The 60 subjects will be divided by 30 to get 2, where every second, fourth, sixth up to thirtieth subject is reached and recorded. The sequence will be followed, recording the subjects until a sample of 30 participants was reached at. Upon the approval of their consent and that of the institution to carry out the study, the subjects will be ready for the experimental study. No form of motivating the students to participate in study shall be applied as the study is purely voluntary. Lastly, all participants will be p rovided with an informed consent that must be completed in order to participate. Apparatus Based on the nature of the study, the research will require questionnaires, drug X, drug delivery mechanism, and examination papers. The applicability of these apparatus is discussed more in a precise and elaborate manner under the design and procedure. Design and Procedure Because of the requirements and the nature of the study, the researcher has deemed it necessary to make use of experiment study design. The study will be carried by a single researcher who is me using the theoretical framework and learning gained from the psychology class.Advertising Looking for proposal on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, research assistants will be used when the need be and where necessary. The proposed study involves two levels of independent variables. The two levels of independent variables that will be used include a control group where no drug tablets use and specific dose of drug X. The study will use two groups where one will be a control group (Group B) and the experimental group (Group A). To make the study simple and viable, the two groups will be divided on the basis of gender parity. For the control group, 8 females and 7 males will be used while 7 females and 8 males will be used in the experimental group. The study will be carried on the same time simultaneously. However the subjects will be placed in different rooms. Group A will be given the tablet of new drug X and placed in an examination room with a 10 minutes exam. The subjects can swallow or chew the drugs. However, in this case, the subjects will be required to chew the tablet to allow quick absorption in the blood mai nstream. They will be issued with issued with a test after a period of thirty minutes to ensure that the drug has been absorbed in the blood mainstream. They will be observed for any form of anxiousness so as to aid in supporting the collected information using the survey tools. After the exam they will be administered with a self report survey to measure the effects of the drugs on the participants’ anxiety and stress levels. The same procedure will simultaneously be carried on the control group (Group B) only that they will be not be given drug X. it should be noted that the experiments will be carried in the same time to avoid any participants interactions (from the two different groups). This would reduce the chances of having Hawthorne effect which subjects study to biasedness. Data collection To collect data under the self report survey, survey tools will be used. A well designed questionnaire will be distributed to each participant in the two research experimental grou ps. The questionnaires will have well structured questions that are not leading and ones that would require easy and simple answers. The reason why questionnaire will be used is because of its applicability in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, it is also cheap, reliable, and it collects data which can be used for in depth analysis. Surveys allow reliability and validity because of their standardized nature. The collected data will be compiled and responses that will be similar in either wording or implications will be grouped together. The grouped data and information will then labeled using digits that would be easily subjected to SPSS for analysis. The data and information was later evaluated. Data Analysis The survey data will undergo thorough analysis process. The raw data that has undergone weighting and labeling will be recorded and stored in a computer ready for analysis. Using different data analysis software, the data will undergo SPSS analysis. Descriptive statistics will be generated where the similarity in collected data will be found. The measurements of the data will be expressed as measures of variability and those of tendency. On the measures of central tendency, mode, mean, and median will be calculated in order to describe the data distribution. On the other hand, measures of variability will be subjected to standard deviation and variance calculation. This will determine the spread of the scores of the collected data on the certain behaviors under the study. Lastly, the final data will involve, hypothesis testing is conducted using inferential statistics. The hypothesis testing will determine whether the hypothesis is supported or nullified. It will be carried based on the different variables used in the study. This will form a basis from where discussion of the results and conclusion will be made. Reference List Aleksovski, G. (2009). Anxiety symptoms. Web. Ito, N., Nagai, T., Oikawa, T., Yamada, H., Hanawa, T. (2011). Antidepressant- like Effect of l-perillaldehyde in Stress-induced Depression-like Model Mice through Regulation of the Olfactory Nervous System. Web. Nauert, R. (2010). Some antidepressants work fast for anxiety. Web. National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Depression and College Students What do these students have in common? Web. Putwain, D. (2005). Researching academic stress and anxiety in students: Some methodological considerations. British Educational Research Journal, 33(2), 207-219. This proposal on The Effect of Drug X on Self-Reports of Anxiety in a Sample of Undergraduate Psychology Majors was written and submitted by user Marcus U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pros and Cons of Social Networking Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Social Networking Essay Example Pros and Cons of Social Networking Essay Pros and Cons of Social Networking Essay Essay Topic: Pros and Cons PThe Pros Social networking sites have paved the way for easier communication to your friends, family, or colleagues. One example is that instead of meeting in a certain place, you and your classmates could discuss a school activity by having a conference in a certain site that you are all members of, thus saving you time and effort. Virtual communities are also formed, which are composed of people connected together by common interests, purpose, and goal. People of different races also get to mingle with each other in just a few clicks. The idea of socializing with millions of people of different backgrounds excite the Web surfers. This is one thing that you can hardly do outside the virtual world. The Cons While social networking sites have become places for establishing connections and meeting friends, they have also become likely places for identity theft and fraud. As you have to provide certain information such as your e-mail address, name, and location, others use these information and pretend to be you, especially when they are into illegal activities. Furthermore, someone pretending to be somebody else can make you believe that he or she is up to some business offer, ask to meet up with you, and take your money. It has also become easier for someone to stalk you and harass you online. You should make use of the pros and cons of social networking sites to take precautions in the kind of people you should trust and share some information about yourself to. The debates whether you should or should not be a part of the social networking community is never ending. And, at the end of the day, the best weapon that you have is sound judgment.

Compare and Contrast three separate and distinct linux vendors of Essay

Compare and Contrast three separate and distinct linux vendors of workstation and server - Essay Example The cost of availability and after-sales support of the three vendors will also be analyzed. Most importantly, any hidden charges or licensing fees as required for subscription of Microsoft applications will also be reviewed. Finally, a recommendation in choosing Linux and the reasons behind preferring Linux over Microsoft will also be provided. Moreover, the feasibility in using Linux workstation and servers will be analyzed which will provide the key benefits that can be experienced by the enterprises. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 3 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 Red Hat Enterprise Workstation 5 Red Hat Enterprise Server 9 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation 11 SUSE Enterprise Server 15 Oracle Linux Workstation/Server 18 Conclusion 21 References 22 25 Introduction Organizations around the world are looking for better alternatives to Microsoft due to the introduction of one of the most controversial licensing agreements in May, 2001. The licensing progr am was introduced to promote the rights and to ensure maintenance of software which was named Software Assurance (SA). The experience Microsoft had after the development of this licensing program made them stall the releases of other licensing programs subsequently. The variance nature of modern day industries did not accept the new program thereby, making the company to modify the program (BetaNews Inc, 2012). Business organizations typically are different from consumers which brought software without signing any contract. However, organizations required to enter into a multi-year volume licensing contracts. Prior to the release of this agreement, existing customers were provided a discount while upgrading their software based on their contract. However, new customers had to pay full price for the software intended to buy. With the introduction of SA, the customers had to pay Microsoft 29% of the full license price each year for upgrading desktop software and 25% for server softwar e. Furthermore, customers were required to buy the upgrade rights at the same time while purchasing the new software, before they actually needed it (BetaNews Inc, 2012). Thus, business organizations were facing lots of hardships with the new licensing agreement and therefore, started looking for better alternatives. In this regards, Linux is one of the most preferred options due to certain advantages possessed over Microsoft. For instance, Linux is an open source and free software which provided customers the opportunity to develop the visualization mechanisms to enhance the performances. Furthermore, Microsoft consumers who did not posses volume licensing agreement were not allowed to install software in virtual machines running on the same organizations. However, with Linux, users can deploy purchased software to multiple machines with no additional cost (Gabriel Consulting Group Inc, 2009). Thesis Statement The study will provide a contrasting analysis of Linux vendors, namely, Red Hat, SUSE and Oracle software on the basis of reliability, performance, application, support and training, availability and cost of ownership. Moreover, the study will define the best distribution of workstation and server of Linux among its vendors. Red Hat Enterprise Workstation Reliability Red Hat Enterprise assures users to provide the best in class applications

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Case Study Example There big breakthrough came in 1997, when they designed a software system known as COSMOS which would totally focus on the customers needs. This system had various advantages. One of them is that the customers organized it (Plunkett 27). This had several reimbursements. Through this system, it was easy for intuit to know who are its most loyal profitable customers. This system kept a record of every customer, and with this, company would easily identify the profitability drivers. Therefore, this was very advantageous as it developed a greater understanding of Intuits customers. An added advantage is that it enabled the sales agents to be well informed when dealing with customers. This is because all the customer information was accessible to them as they could see it in the customers file. The advantage of this is that it created an efficient way of working with customers, for example, those customers that had special requests. Decisions made on how to deal with these customers could be supported by having information on the customers specifications, and his or her past transactions. COSMOS also developed a system that automates data entry. This was of great significance as it helped reduce errors, and decrease call length. In 1999, Intuit integrated a new phone system technology into COSMOS (Plunkett 120). The system performed in a way that it identified the customer who was calling, and brought his or her records regarding any transaction made in the past. This enabled FSG to track its high value customers, and direct them to highly skilled and trained special agents for the provision of optimum services. As much as there were several advantages the company faced as a result of becoming online intermediaries, there were also a number of challenges faced. The company faced the challenge of the company changing its mindset from being a product driven company to an online servicing company (Plunkett 45). According to Redmond, the companys CEO, the switch

Competing views of the entrepreneur

Competing views of the entrepreneur The term entrepreneur has become to have a broad definition over the years, with many authors debating over the types of characteristics that make up a person who can be classed as entrepreneurial. The word originally came from the French meaning one who takes between but over the years the term has developed with varying definitions from academic literature, the media and often people classed as entrepreneurs themselves, causing great difficulty in finding a universal definition. In the late 18th Century, Cantillion and Say from the French school of thought were amongst the first to recognise the role of the entrepreneur. Cantillion first defined entrepreneurs as a risk taker, buying at a certain price and selling at an uncertain price. (Cited in Blaug 1986:220) Jean-Baptiste Say backed this up by stating entrepreneurs are the pivot of the economy, a vehicle for economic change. Deakins and Freel (2009). In the years to come, further concepts of entrepreneurs were developed and argued amongst academics. By examining the differing opinions from a broad spectrum of authors since the role was first distinguished, through the years where the meaning has become diverse and arguments have surfaced over the true meaning of entrepreneurship, I hope to make clear whether the term is so unclear to render it worthless or find some way of giving it some true common definition in todays society. To investigate the varying opinions and definitions of the entrepreneur successfully, it is important to compare views on all aspects of being an entrepreneur. By Looking into how entrepreneurs have ideas for new ventures, the effects on the economy, the number of entrepreneurs and the types of ideas they have and ways they become entrepreneurial. As a starting point it seems all academics and speakers on the subject regard entrepreneurs as opportunity spotters Shapero A (1975) develops this further stating In almost all of the definitions, there is agreement that it includes initiative taking, organising and reorganising of social and economic mechanisms to turn resources and situations to practical account and the acceptance of risk or failure Muzyka and Birley (2000:31) add to this idea stating No one should call themselves a successful entrepreneur until they have captured an opportunity. The basis of entrepreneurial debates is based around two main perspectives from contrasting authors of the Austrian school of thought; these include the Kirznerian perspective founded by Israel Kirzner and the Schumpeterian perspective introduced by Joseph Schumpeter. The origin of this long standing debate was around information and whether or not entrepreneurial opportunities were derived from new information (Schumpeter 1934) or access to previously inaccessible information. (Kirzner 1973) Kirzner explains how people use the information they possess to come to decisions about the best way of combining their resources in forming a good or service offering to a market. However if this combination of resources is not operating to full efficiency, there is potential to use a different combination of resources in order to make a greater profit. Gaglio and Katz (2001) consolidate this idea by explaining how entrepreneurial opportunities involve the creation or identification of new ends and means that have gone unnoticed by other market participants. However the conflicting Schumpeterian view focuses on new information, arguing that changes in technology, political forces, regulation, macro-economic factors and social trends create new information, used to create a new combination of resources to generate increased profits. (Schumpeter 1934). For example deregulation in the airline industry as Thompson (2004:301) explains when new airlines were allowed to fly into and out of Heathrow for the first time since 1977, it allowed access to new information for potential entrants to penetrate the market. Furthermore improvements in technological processes have led to entrepreneurial activity in the evolution of music players for example, from the audio cassette player through to the mass multimedia players of today, such as the IPod. Schultz (1975) argues that entrepreneurship is an equilibrating process, whereby situations of disequilibria caused by market participants not operating at maximum efficiency are dealt with by entrepreneurs acting on access to the necessary information to bring about equilibrium. Very much like Kirzner (1973) who both state that the entrepreneur reallocates resources using the most efficient method. However dissimilar to Kirzner, Schultz argues that the process takes time and equilibrium is often brought back about by trial and error or human resource investment. (Iversen et al 2008) Klein and Cook (2005:4) explained this in their research on the human capital approach to entrepreneurship, using farmers as an example of how they must deal with a sequence of many differing changes, especially in such an atomistic industry, making any adjustments much lengthier. In stark contrast to this approach, Schumpeter (1934) argued that entrepreneurship brings about the process of creative destruction, which Ellison (2002:136) defines as the dynamic disequilibrium wrought by the innovating entrepreneur, with his creative rather than adaptive responses to opportunities. Schumpeter suggested that entrepreneurs disrupt the existing system by shifting production constraints and brining about new technology which puts an economy into disequilibrium. Swedburg (2000:46) further explains Schumpeters theory of entrepreneurship by stating that the entrepreneur puts together a new combination; combining already existing materials and thereby produces something novel and innovative. However Steyaert and Hjorth (2004) explained how Schumpeters Disequilibrium reflects the existence of informational asymmetry about new sources of profit potential meaning that certain groups of people might have access to information ahead of others which opens up opportunities. Knig ht (1921) argued that if change could be predicted producers could plan ahead and thereby efficiently eliminate any profit potential. As Mises (1949:297) develops this stating how, profit opportunities arise from changes unforeseen by the majority. Schumpeter (1934) used his creative destruction theory to proclaim the temporariness of the entrepreneur, he assumed that entrepreneurship was a temporary attribute to an individual, as a wave of creative destruction that displaced old methods resulted in brisk imitation by competitors. Parker (2004:41) explained how after creative destruction, ultimately stability would be restored and entrepreneurship would reach a temporary cessation before the next wave of creative destruction. McDaniel (2002) agreed with Schumpeters idea in that when a new product enters the market that is new and unique is gives the entrepreneur a temporary position as monopolist. Conversely Scranton (1993) puts forward the notion of serial entrepreneurs and there existence since the dawn of industrialisation. Serial entrepreneurs are those who constantly buy and sell businesses to stay entrepreneurial. Hall (1995) narrows this broad definition proposing how the individual owns one business after another but o nly own one at a time. This type of entrepreneur challenges Schumpeters temporary entrepreneur and suggests that individuals can be constantly entrepreneurial Theorists further debate the frequency of entrepreneurial opportunities and how and why individuals decide to go from employees to employers in an entrepreneurial manner. Chapman and Marquis (1912:293) were amongst the first to investigate employing classes being recruited from wage earning classes. Schumpeter (1961:102) argued that entrepreneurship was a rare occurrence, as it stems from innovation, the ability to carry out new combinations. However in contrast Kirzner (1979) explained how entrepreneurial acts were much more common. Aldrich (1999) agreed with Kirzners statement due to the fact that most opportunities are constructive to established ways, which links back to argument on entrepreneurship being an equilibrating or dis-equilibrating process. When an entrepreneur decides to exploit an opportunity, again there is no universal definition on their motives. Oxenfeldt (1943:109) points out that real entrepreneurs confine their adventures to lines of business that they were previously engaged in as an employer or employee. Knight (1921) agrees stating Those with prior experience in an industry as a customer or supplier often have a better understanding of how to meet demand conditions in that market place. However as Hamilton and Harper (1994) argue, this goes against the theoretical entrepreneur as omniscient, profit-orientated, opportunistic and versatile. Nonetheless as versatile as an entrepreneur might be, Baumol (1993) highlights that when people cannot fully know the full range of options facing them, the calculation of an optimum within a given set of constraints is impossible Mark Casson has tried to develop a modern theory of entrepreneurship, by fusing together entrepreneurial attributes and theories of many of the older authors. One major area of his work was in the supply of entrepreneurs. Casson (1982) distinguished between two groups of entrepreneurs, those who value their leisure at less than the prevailing real wage and those who value it more. He explains how the latter group have a strong chance of becoming an entrepreneur, if the returns of entrepreneurship rises above the real wage rate. Eisenhauers (1995) model of the decision to become an entrepreneur is very much like Cassons as it is also based on the expected utility derived from income and the working conditions of employment vs self-employment. However Casson (1982) stressed that any supply of entrepreneurs are qualified entrepreneurs who are defined as having access to the necessary resources in order to back their thought, such as wealth, contacts or the relevant financing in place, t herefore for Casson, entrepreneurship is much more of a resource, whereby firms or individuals with the capital can invest in individuals with entrepreneurial ability. A real life example of this would be the BBCs Dragons Den programme whereby successful entrepreneurs who have created multi-millionaire empires, invest their masses of capital, in smaller scale entrepreneurs looking for investment in their ideas. Kirzner (1973) has a differing opinion, he expresses that entrepreneurship is not a factor of production and entrepreneurial alertness is non deployable and costless, meaning that no resources are needed to detect entrepreneurial opportunities, he also discarded the use of supply and demand curves with entrepreneurs. As much as opportunities can be spotted, the supply of entrepreneurs to an economy depends on their willingness to act upon them. McClelland (1961) identified that a major factor in an individuals willingness to act was motivation and the need for it in achievement. When individuals decide to exploit opportunities, there are further debates between academics over the types of entrepreneur. Schumpeter had the stance that only certain, extraordinary individuals have the ability to be entrepreneurial, Hanusch and Pyka (2007:289) explained his point in that extraordinary effort required to work out a scheme of innovation, the need to escape from deeply embedded modes of thinking and acting and the task of inducing many other people to make changes. Marshall (1994) defined his entrepreneur as someone who had a thorough understanding of their industry and are natural leaders, claiming that very few can possess all of the skills required to be entrepreneurial to a high enough extent, very much like Schumpeters extraordinary person. However, unlike Schumpeter, Marshall (1994) implies that people can be taught to acquire the skills necessary to be an entrepreneur. Schumpeter (1934:85) goes on to describe his entrepreneur as rational, egotistical and self -centred to an extent that is peculiar and rare by nature. Barnes (2000:65) described this as an individual in setting in that this self centeredness is a disconnection from the constraints of tradition and habit that allow new combinations to commence. Dissimilarly to this is the view of Kirzner (1973) who thought that anybody can be an entrepreneur, since it presupposes no special initial good fortune in the form of valuable assets as the new entrepreneur is not protected at all. In todays society , many entrepreneurs agree with Kirzner, explaining how anyone can become an entrepreneur, one of Britains most popular entrepreneurs Duncan Bannatyne wrote an autobiography entitled Anyone can do it which highlights how he rose to success and makes references to how it is possible for others today. Knight (1921) states only that the entrepreneur is a risk taker meaning that the entrepreneur is prepared to take on an element of risk for the chance of a reward of profit, this being the revenue generated for taking on uncertainty. Knight developed his idea of the entrepreneur being a risk taker by clarifying the difference between risk and uncertainty. Risk being where differing outcomes can be forecasted to some degree with uncertainty being where outcomes cannot be envisaged. Brockhaus (1980b) disagreed with Knight, he could not see any difference between the risk taking levels of new entrepreneurs from those of managers or the general public. Schumpeter (1934) agreed and expressed that risk can just be part of business ownership and not an entrepreneurial attribute; he expressed how it was the lender of capital who was at risk rather than the entrepreneur. Although Hull et al (1980) found in their study that entrepreneurs have a greater tendency to take risks, with Palmer (1971 ) suggesting that the testing of entrepreneurs be directed most towards the measurement of an individuals perception and handling of a risk. Say (1803) also highlighted the notion of the entrepreneur taking risk in bringing different factors of production together, with Say (1803) being one of the first to regognise the role of the entrepreneur and the characteristic of being a risk taker still being used in literature today, this can be seen as a strong characteristic of any entrepreneur. George Shackle (1970) described the entrepreneur as creative and imaginative. Rickets (2002) developed this idea stating that the imaginative idea comes from the exercise of developing alternative future states of affairs. Shackles View (1970) centralises on the role of uncertainty and how the imaginative entrepreneur can visualise how best to arrange resources in a changing uncertain world. In other words uncertainty gives rise to opportunities. Shackles work was based around Cantillions early ideas of entrepreneurship being buying at a certain price and selling at an uncertain price. However Earl (2003:68) strongly criticised Shackles ideas stating how this creativeness that he emphasises should be more focused to the work of Schumpeter who brought about creative destruction and the idea of the entrepreneur being extra-ordinary and special as appose to the intermediary idea of authors such as Cantillion and Kirzner. One of the main areas of debate between academics is over the type of act that can be classed as entrepreneurial. Schumpeter (1934) is strongly remembered for his theory of the entrepreneur being an innovator, this relates to the ideas discussed before regarding Schumpeters (1934) entrepreneur shifting production constraints and bringing about new processes and technologies, he defined entrepreneurs as the creators of change in the sense that they have a vision and the urge to be successful in achieving it. An example of this could be James Dyson who produced the worlds first bag-less vacuum cleaner which in tern rendered the Hoover almost worthless. Fagerburg and Mowery (2005) made an important distinction between invention and innovation, invention being the first occurrence of an idea, with innovation being the first attempt to carry it out into practice. Edquist (1997) defined technical innovations as the introduction of new knowledge or new combinations of existing knowledge int o the economy, from this Sternburg (2000) highlighted the importance of innovation, supporting Schumpeters idea of the innovating entrepreneur, with his stance of business growth stemming from the companys ability to constantly innovate. Drucker (1985) like Schumpeter also, agues that innovation is the tool of entrepreneurs, however he goes on, that entrepreneurship is also about improving total quality and adding value. An example of this being the McDonalds chain, in that they did not create anything new when the business began in 1940, offering the same as many American restaurants at the time. However through the application of management concepts, most notably their Speedy service system which added value and created a new industry as such, to Drucker (1985), this is entrepreneurship. Kirzner (1973) had very different views on the roles of his entrepreneur in that he believed they were alert to profitable opportunities for exchange. His idea of the entrepreneur was one of an intermediary in a supply chain, in other words a middle man between individuals. As previously mentioned the Kirznerian (1973) entrepreneur seeks imbalances in the market and aims to eradicate them with their entrepreneurial action. An example of a Kirznerian entrepreneurial action was the launch of Accommodationforstudents.com, founded by two students in 2000, who noticed imbalances in the market place through the personal difficulties they had in finding accommodation throughout their studies. This validates Marshalls (1994) theory that having a thorough understanding of the industry is necessary to entrepreneurial success. Kirzner (1978) explained how his ideas were often based around those of Ludwig Von Mises after being his assistant for some years. Mises (1951) explains how profit emerge s from the entrepreneur that can judge the future prices of products more than others do and therefore buy any factors of production at low prices before they increase. It is also alleged that this activity takes place within an economy with limited resources and production confines. This can be illustrated using the production possibility frontier below. Kirzner (1973) argues that activities take place within the curve and his entrepreneur pushes activities to their maximum to reach the edge. Yet Schumpeter (1934) suggests that the entrepreneur pushes the curve outwards with the introduction of new technologies and methods as production possibilities in the economy therefore increase. An example of this in action could be the now ever mainstream use of the internet in business operations, over the past ten years this has allowed mass expansion of business operations with companies being able to operate in global markets. Landstrom (2005:15) Knights (1921) theory on risk and uncertainty being part of the entrepreneurial personality inspired other academics to investigate entrepreneurship from small firm management. Deakins and Freel (2009) use Knights assumptions of an entrepreneur being responsible for ones own actions, to make the proposition that managers who assume this responsibility are consequently performing entrepreneurial functions. However Shailer (1994:34) states how managers do not necessarily fit any of the current popular definitions of entrepreneur and concludes that whilst 90% of owner managers are obliged to fill the role as capitalist, only 20-40% will act as entrepreneurs under common definitions. Abundant amounts of research has been carried out between so called managers and entrepreneurs, a study by Miner et al (1989) found that entrepreneurs scored significantly higher on self-achievement than managers. Furthermore Mill (1848) appeared to believe that the inclusion of risk bearing distinguished th e term entrepreneur from manager, Shackle (1955) approved and highlighted the uncertainty element of the entrepreneurial process. One example of this might be in terms of wages, an employed manager of a firm is guaranteed a wage, whereas entrepreneurs have the uncertainty of their businesses performance. Ricketts (2002:80) comments on how once a venture is established, the scope for entrepreneurship does not cease, as continuous change in the economy requires adaptation by the firm, which results in the need for some entrepreneurial talent; Meaning that entrepreneurship can emerge from within companies. Galbraith (1967) introduced the concept of large firms being more successful than small firms in technology based industries, Schumpeters (1934) theory developed on this theme, with his notion of entrepreneurs emerging from within businesses, initiating change from inside a firm. He called these individuals Intrapreneurs. His idea was based on the fact that larger organisations have better infrastructure in place; established research and development facilities, high levels of available finance, connections with stakeholders of the business and the companies experiences. This idea was supported by Wu (1989) who described the firm as a collection of entrepreneurs. However drawbacks of the Intrapreneur can also exist, by transferring some power, to unproven individuals could perhaps be risky and put your reputation at threat also successful intrapreneurs may very well demand larger proportions of profit if they see their ideas taking off successfully. (Virtual Advisor 2009). An example of intrapreneurship having problems occurred at Xeron, whereby employees working on an idea were discarded when they suggested new software. The employees went on to develop this and created Adobe, one of the most popular digital post-script readers. Although at Google, employees are given 20% of their time to come up with new ideas which as resulted in services such as Gmail and Adsense, rendering the scheme a success. http://sgentrepreneurs.com/events/2009/01/24/after-ceo-unplugged-intrapreneurship-at-nus-entrepreneurship-week/ Miner et al (1989) and other authors views on managers and entrepreneurs http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0FxO_Wsh30kCpg=PA100dq=entrepreneurs+as+managers#v=onepageq=entrepreneurs%20as%20managersf=false http://www.jstor.org/pss/255515 RISK, PALMER AND MILL QUOTES Wu (1989) describes a firm as a coalition of entrepreneurs, which agrees a production policy, an organisational structure, and a rule for sharing the residual profits. (page 80 of Ricketts) Galbraith (1967) concept of large firms more successful that small firms in technology based industries, however this concept is more associated with Schumpeter Schumpeter argued that there were 5 sources of entrepreneurial change: 1) The introduction of a new or improved good 2) The introduction of a new method of production 3) The opening of a new market 4) The exploitation of a new source of supply 5) The re-organisation of business management processes. (1934) DYSON: Schumpeterian Following Audretsch (2002), we argue that the absence of a generally accepted definition of entrepreneurship reflects that it is a multidimensional concept, involving aspects of uncertainty-bearing, innovation, opportunity-seeking, management and enterprising individuals. Main thoughts References Aldrich H E (1999) Organisations evolving, London: Sage Barnes B (2000) Understanding agency, London: Sage. Page 65 Baumol W J (1993) Entrepreneurship, Management and the Structure of Payoffs, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Blaug M (1986) Entrepreneurship before and after Schumpeter, in economic History and the History of economics. New York: New York University Press. Pages 219-30 Brockhaus R H (1980b) Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs, Academy of management journal, 23,3, 509-20 Casson M (1982) The Entrepreneur, Oxford: Martin Robertson and co. Chapman S J and Marquis F J (1912:293) The recruiting of the employing class from the ranks of the wage earners in the Cotton Industry, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol 75 No 3 pp293-313 Deakins and Freel (2009) Entrepreneurship and Small Firms, 5th edition, Berkshire: Mcgraw-Hill. Drucker P F (1985) Innovation and Entrepreneurship, New York: Harper and Row. Earl P E (2003) Information, Opportunism and economic coordination, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Page 68 Edquist C (1997), Systems of Innovation Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London: Pinter Eisenhauer J (1995) The Entrepreneurial Decision: Economic theory and empirical evidence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 19(4), 67-79 Ellison A P (2002) Entrepreneurs and the transformation of the global economy, Cheltenham: Edward Elder publishing Limited. Page 136 Fagerburg J and Mowery D (2005), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford : Oxford University Press Gaglio C and Katz J (2001) The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business economics, 16, 95-11 Galbraith J K (1967) The New Industrial State, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Hall, P. (1995) Habitual owners of small businesses, Small Firms Partnership for Growth, London: Paul Chapman, pp. 217-230 Hamilton R T and Harper D A (1994) The Entrepreneur in theory and practice, Journal of economic studies, 21(6) pp 3-18 Hanusch and Pyka (2007) Elgar comparison to neo-Schumpeterian economics, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Page 289 Hull D, Bosley, J and Udell, G (1980). Renewing the hunt for the heffalump: Identifying potential entrepreneurs by personality characteristics. Journal of Small Business, 18, 11-18. Iversen J R Jorgensen Nikolaj Malchow-Moller (2008) http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/171539783_2.html Kirzner I (1973) Competition and Entrepreneurship, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner (1978) The Economic Point of View: An Essay in the History of Economic Thought, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner I (1979) Perception, Opportunity and profit, Chicago: University of Chicago Press Knight F (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Klein P and Cook M (2005) T.W Schultz and the Human Capital Approach to Entrepreneurship, Division of applied Social Sciences. Available from: http://web.missouri.edu/~kleinp/papers/06011.pdf. [Accessed 21st November 2009] Landstrom H (2005) Pioneers in entrepreneurship and small business research, USA: Springer. Marshall A (1994) Principles of Economics, Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 248-250. McClelland D C (1961) The Achieving Society, D Van Nostrand co, Princeton NJ McDaniel (2002) Entrepreneurship and Innovation; An economic Approach, United Kingdom: M E Sharpe. Mill J S (1848) Principles of Political Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Milner J, Smith N and Bracker J (1989) Role of entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms, Journal of applied psychology, 74 (4), 554-60 Mises (1949) Human action: A treatise on Economics. New Haven: Yale University Press. Page 297 Mises L V (1951) Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis, New Haven: Yale University Press. Muzyka D and Birley S (2000) Mastering Entrepreneurship, 2nd edition, United Kingdom: Pearson Education. Page 31 Oxenfeldt A R (1943:109) New firms and Free Enterprise: Pre War and Post War Aspects, Washington: American council on public affairs. Palmer M (1971) The Application of Psychological Testing to Entrepreneurial Potential, California Management Review 13, 32-38. Parker S (2004) The economics of self employment and entrepreneurship, England: Cambridge University press. Page 41 Ricketts (2002) The Economics of Business Enterprise: An Introduction to Economic organisation and the theory of the firm, third edition. Page 80 Say (1803) A Treatise on Political Economy, or the production, distribution and consumption of wealth, New Jersey: Transaction publishing. Schumpeter J (1934) The theory of economic development. New York: Oxford University Press Schumpeter, J. (1961). Theory of Economic Development.Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Page 102 Scranton P (1993) Build a firm, start another: The Bromleys and family firm entrepreneurship in the Philadelphia region, Business History. Shackle (1955) Shailer G (1994) Capitalists and entrepreneurs in owner managed firms, International small business journal, Vol 12, no 3, pp 33-41 Shapero A (1975), The Displaced, Uncomfortable Entrepreneur, Psychology Today, Vol. 9 pp.83 133 Sternburg R (2000) Innovation networks and regional development evidence from the European regional innovation survey (ERIS): Theoretical concepts, methodological approach, Empirical basis and introduction to the theme issue, European theme issue, European planning studies, Vol 8, pp389-407 Steyaert C and Hjorth D (2004) New Movements in entrepreneurship, United States: Edward Elgar publishing. Swedburg (2000) Entrepreneurial: The social Science View, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thompson J L (2004) Strategic Management, 4th edition, London: Thomson Publishing. Page 301 Virtual Advisor (2009) Fostering Intrapreneurial Ideas, Available from: http://www.va-interactive.com/inbusiness/editorial/bizdev/ibt/intrapre.html#6, [Accessed 8th December 2009] Wu (1989) Bibliography Bannatyne D (2009) Anyone can do it, London: Orion Publishing Group. McDonalds (2009) Our History, Available from: Historyhttp://aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcd_history.html, [Accessed 2nd December 2009] SG Entrepreneurs (2009) After CEO Unplugged-Intrapreneur at NUS Entrepreneurship Week, Available from: http://sgentrepreneurs.com/events/2009/01/24/after-ceo-unplugged-intrapreneurship-at-nus-entrepreneurship-week/. [Accessed 8th December 2009]

Guests of the Nation, a Review of Conflicts Essay -- European Literatu

"Guests of the Nation," a short story by Frank O'Connor takes place in 1921 during Ireland's fight for independence from British rule. Set in a small cottage in the countryside of Ireland, the story tells of two Englishmen who are prisoners and are being watched over by three Irishmen. The story tells of the relationship that develops between the captives and their captors and explores the conflict that arises when the soldiers are called to duty. The story consisted of seven main characters, each adding depth to the story and contributing to the development of the plot. Two of the seven characters where the Englishmen Hawkins and Belcher. Hawkins was a "little Englishman" with a "deplorable tongue" who "never did a stroke of work," but despite this, he was a friend and "chum" to two of the soldiers. Belcher was the name of the second Englishman. Belcher was a "huge man" who was much more quiet with an "uncommon shortness...of speech." He too was friend to the two Irish soldiers and he go along especially well with the old woman of the house, Mary Brigid O'Connell (who was...

How Influential K-Pop is to Filipino Teenagers Essay

Acknowledgement This research would not have been finished without the help of the following  people: To the Researcher’s parents, Mr. Benjamin Tadeja and Mrs. Loreta Delos Santos, thank you for being a constant support. To the Researchers professor, Mrs. Bethany Marie Lumabi For giving advices and constantly correcting our errors in order to make this research a success. Most especially to Our Lord above, thank you for all the blessings you’ve passed our way. Chapter 1: Introduction â€Å"Music does bring people together. It allows us to experience the same emotions. People everywhere are the same in heart and spirit. No matter what language we speak, what color we are, the form of our politics or the expression of our love and our faith, music proves: We are the same.† -John Denver Music is a big part of everybody’s lives. It’s basically one of the things we do or listen to when we feel certain emotions such as happiness, sadness or even anger. Every country has their own music, its part of their culture whether it is used on religion or just plain entertainment. But for now, we will focus on a certain type of music that became one of the most influential music of today, Korean Music or simply K-Pop. In Rolling Stone Magazine, a magazine that focuses on music, popular culture and politics defined K-Pop as a mixture of trendy Western music and high-energy Japanese pop (J-Pop), which preys on listeners’ heads with repeated hooks, somet imes in English. It embraces genre fusion with both singing and rap, and emphasizes performance and strong visuals. (Rolling Stone) In Wikipedia, K-Pop Music was defined as a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Today, Korean Music became one of the most listened songs of teenagers around the world whether the language of a country or the language that is being sung in all K-Pop video is different, it doesn’t matter. But where did it all start? The history of Korean pop music is not very old. It can be traced back to 1885 when an American missionary, Henry Appenzeller started teaching American and British folk songs at a school. These songs were called changga in Korean, and they were typically based on a popular Western melody sung with Korean lyrics. The well-known song â€Å"Oh My Darling, Clementine† was for example known as â€Å"Simcheongga† (Wikepedia) In 1992, modern K-pop was ushered in with  the formation of Seo Taiji & Boys, whose successful experimentation with different music styles had sparked a paradigm shif t in the music industry of South Korea.. First gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, K-pop entered the Japanese music market towards the turn of the 21st century. In the late 2000s, it grew from a musical genre into a subculture among teenagers and young adults of East and Southeast Asia. Currently, the spread of K-pop to other regions of the world, via the Korean wave or Hallyu,, is seen in parts of Latin America, Northeast India, North Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and immigrant enclaves of the Western world. (Wikipilipinas.org) K-Pop was born in the Philippines indirectly through the Koreanovelas in 2003. The first Koreannovela was â€Å"Autumn in My Heart† (the first in Endless Love series) aired in GMA 7 to compete with ABS-CBN’s highest rating Chinese-novela, Meteor Garden. Through Endless Love starts the love of Filipinos to Korean Music, like one of endless love’s OST Winter Sonata, performed and remake by Faith Cuneta. During the same year, one of the first Korean music videos in the Philippines was aired on Myx, a local music channel. This is the music video of the Korean female group known as Kiss for their ballad, â€Å"Because I’m A Girl†. Not long after, the music video of Korean singer Mina for her first albu m’s carrier single, â€Å"Answer the Phone† also entered the local music scene. Eventually, in 2004, both of these songs were remade by Roxanne Barcelo in her debut album.’ Because I’m A Girl was made Filipino as Kung Alam Mo Lang, whereas Mina’s Answer the Phone was translated into English retaining its original title. Going back to the television, following the success of Endless Love came in Full House in 2005. Full House also starred the same actress from the first season of Endless Love, Song HyeKyo, who was paired with Korean singer-actor Rain. Rain’s debut in the local television paved way for K-Pop to be more known in the Philippines. Not long after the airing of the said series, his music videos such as I’m Coming and the more recent Love Story started to enter the charts of Myx and local FM stations. Because of the rise of Rain as a singer here in the Philippines, among other reasons, more Filipinos became interested in K-Pop; more Korean singers became known and loved like Girl’s Generation, BoA, and Super Junior. The Philippines is one of the countries which are greatly influenced by Korean Wave or Hallyu ( Alanzalon, 2011). The first Philippine K-pop convention was held in PICC last 2009 which was  attended by more than two thousand K-pop fans. By tapping into social networking services and the video sharing platform YouTube, the K-pop industry’s ability to secure a sizable overseas audience has facilitated a noticeable rise in the global proliferation of the genre. Since the mid-2000s, the K-pop music market has experienced double digit growth rates. In the first half of 2012, it grossed nearly US$3.4 billion and was recognized by Time magazine as â€Å"South Korea’s Greatest Export†. But in the midst of all the good things that K-Pop gained in the past years, there would always be a development of bad things, and as K-pop grew in popularity around the world, critics shows and find the bad things that Korean music brought to others whether it’s in people or in their culture. Throughout the years, the Korean pop culture has grown into popularity for many teenagers and adult s alike. In fact in many regions of Asia, notably China, and Japan and almost the entire region of South-East Asia, the popularity of K-Pop has become so extensive that authorities and nationalist fear that it is leading to a xenocentric preference for Korean styles and ideas. And today, we witness the gargantuan amount of K-Pop merchandise adorning the shelves of shops and hundreds of thousands of Filipino teenagers and other adolescent individuals spending a substantial amount of their money on buying such merchandise, purchasing their favorite stars/singers album and not to mention concert tickets, the cheapest are which are usually enough money to buy a high technology high phone or even more essential stuff that can be of used for example a K-Pop group called B1A4 sells their general admission tickets for 9450 pesos (SM Tickets). Why are these teenagers so willing to spend their so earned money or if they’re not working their parent’s hard earned money just for these K-Pop figures? What are the positive and negative impacts of being so captured by this phenomenon? Another problem arises like, how Korean music basically stole the interest of people on their own music; they forget patriotism, Music authorities here in the Philippines are getting worried for the increasing popularity of K-Pop, not only that the sales of Pinoy (P-pop) songs are decreasing, as years past, people started listening more to foreign songs and they don’t enjoy Filipino music anymore. People who like Korean music get addicted so much that they changed their lifestyle to be more incorporated to their k-pop idol. As a psychologist, I was curious as to why this problem arises? Is there an  effect to teenagers if they listen to such kind of music? This research aims to give information on the experiences of K-pop fans , to whom and where do they express their fandom, how do they express their fandom and what influenced their fandom. Statement of the Problem This study intends to determine the Influence of Korean music (K-Pop) to Flipino Teenagers. Specifically, this research intends to answer the following questions: Why do Filipino Teenagers like K-Pop? Why does Filipino Teenagers get addicted to K-Pop? How does Korean Music (K-Pop) influence Filipino Teenagers? How can Music Authorities influence Filipino Teenagers to patronize OPM? Objectives of the Study This Research intends to accomplish the following: To identify why Filipino Teenagers like K-Pop. To know why Filipino Teenagers get addicted to K-Pop To suggest some things that can be of used to promote Patriotism Scope and Limitation This research focused on how influential Korean music is to Filipino Teenagers. Also this study focuses only on K-Pop music and the respondents are Filipino Teenagers whose ages are 13 years old up to 19 years old only. This research uses only an informal survey. The maximum respondents are ten persons only and studies around Metro Manila. The respondents have the right not to say their name but the age must be specifically announced and also the suggestion on how they wanted to promote patriotism are purely opinionated. Definition of Terms Addiction: the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. Changga- translated forms of American and British Folk songs in Korean lyrics Fandom- (consisting of fan [fanatic] plus the suffix -dom, as in kingdom) is a term used to refer to a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of empathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. K-Pop- a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. †¦ Koreanovela- k-drama for short, refers to televised dramas, in a miniseries format, produced in South Korea. Korean Wave- or Hallyu refers to the sudden increase in popularity of South Korean culture around the world Teenagers- a person aged from 13 to 19 years. Patriotism- cultural attachment to one’s homeland or devotion to one’s country, Xenocentric- refers to the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else’s culture rather than of one’s own.